ntroduction Rudolph Giuliani’s 2002 bestseller ??˜Leadership’ ? was written in a period of time spanning the terrorist attacks on New York City of September 11, 2001 (Giuliani, 2002, p.? xxi? ). After the attacks, he enclosed his pre-9/11 work with new first and last chapters describing the attacks, their aftermath, and recovery. At that time Giuliani was the mayor of New York City. In chapter eight of his book Leadership, Giuliani talks about the principle of developing and communicating strong beliefs. He explains that great leaders lead by ideas. Ideology is enormously important when running any large organization.